Control Flow¶

Conditionals¶

`if-else`¶

temperature = 30
if temperature > 25:
    print("It's hot!")

`if-elif-else`¶

if temperature > 25:
    print("It's hot!")
elif temperature > 15:
    print("It's warm.")
else:
    print("It's cold.")

Ternary Operator¶

status = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"

Loops¶

`for`-loop¶

The for loop is used to iterate over a sequence:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)
# Output:
# apple
# banana
# cherry

`enumerate`¶

The enumerate() function gives both the index and the corresponding element:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{index}: {fruit}")
# Output:
# 0: apple
# 1: banana
# 2: cherry

`range`¶

The range() function generates a sequence of numbers:

range(start, stop, step)

start: Starting value (default is 0).
stop: End of the sequence (exclusive).
step: Increment or decrement (default is 1).

Basic Range¶

for i in range(5):
    print(i)
# Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Custom Start and Stop¶

for i in range(2, 6):
    print(i)
# Output: 2, 3, 4, 5

Step Values¶

for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i)
# Output: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

Reverse Range¶

for i in range(10, 0, -2):
    print(i)
# Output: 10, 8, 6, 4, 2

Exception Handling¶

Basic Exception Handling¶

try blocks allow you to test a block of code for errors, while the except block lets you handle the error gracefully without stopping the program.

try:
    x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Can't divide by zero!")

Multiple Exception Types¶

You can catch multiple exceptions to handle different error types distinctly:

try:
  # Code that might raise different exceptions
except ValueError:
  print("Value error occurred.")
except ZeroDivisionError:
  print("Division by zero.")

`finally` Block¶

finally ensures that a block of code is executed, regardless of an exception being thrown or not. It's often used for cleaning up resources.

try:
  # Risky code
except Exception as e:
  print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
finally:
  print("This block executes no matter what.")